Biography of Emily Brontë, English Novelist

Emily Brontà « (July 30, 1818 -  December 19, 1848) was an English novelist and poet. She was one of three famous writing sisters, and is best known for her novel Wuthering Heights. Fast Facts: Emily Brontà « Full Name: Emily Brontà «Pen Name:  Ellis BellOccupation: AuthorBorn: July 30, 1818 in Thornton, EnglandDied: December 19, 1848 in Haworth, EnglandParents: Patrick Brontà « and Maria Blackwell Brontà «Published Works: Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell (1846), Wuthering Heights (1847)Quote: I wish to be as God made me. Early Life Brontà « was the fifth of six siblings born in six years to the Rev. Patrick Brontà « and his wife, Maria Branwell Brontà «. Emily was born at the parsonage in Thornton, Yorkshire, where her father was serving. All six children were born before the family moved in April 1820 to where the children would live most of their lives, at the 5-room parsonage at Haworth on the moors of Yorkshire. Her father had been appointed as perpetual curate there, meaning an appointment for life: he and his family could live in the parsonage as long as he continued his work there.  The father encouraged the children to spend time in nature on the moors. Maria died the year after the youngest, Anne, was born, possibly of uterine cancer or of chronic pelvic sepsis.  Maria’s older sister, Elizabeth, moved from Cornwall to help care for the children and for the parsonage. She had an income of her own. The three eldest sisters - Maria, Elizabeth, and Charlotte - were sent to the Clergy Daughters’ School at Cowan Bridge, a school for the daughters of impoverished clergy.  Emily joined her sisters in 1824, upon reaching the age of six. The daughter of writer Hannah Moore was also in attendance.  The harsh conditions of the school were later reflected in Charlotte Brontà «s novel,  Jane Eyre. Emily’s experience of the school, as the youngest of the four, was better than that of her sisters, but the conditions were still harsh and abusive. A typhoid fever outbreak at the school led to several deaths.  The next February, Maria was sent home very ill, and she died in May, probably of pulmonary tuberculosis. Then Elizabeth was sent home late in May, also ill. Patrick Brontà « brought his other daughters home as well, and Elizabeth died on June 15. Imaginary Tales and Teaching Career When her brother Patrick was given some wooden soldiers as a gift in 1826, the siblings began to make up stories about the world that the soldiers lived in. They wrote the stories in tiny script, in books small enough for the soldiers, and also provided newspapers and poetry for the world they apparently first called Glasstown.  Emily and Anne had small roles in these tales. By 1830, Emily and Anne had created a kingdom themselves, and later created another, Gondal, about 1833.  This creative activity bonded the two youngest siblings, making them more independent from Charlotte and Branwell. Brontà « went with her sister Charlotte when the elder sister got a job teaching at Roe Head school in July 1835. She hated the school – her shyness and free spirit didn’t fit in. She lasted three months, and returned home, with her younger sister, Anne, taking her place. Back home, without either Charlotte or Anne, she kept to herself.  Her earliest dated poem is from 1836.  All the writings about Gondal from earlier or later times are now gone, aside from a 1837 reference from Charlotte to something Emily had composed about Gondal. Painting of the Bronte sisters by their father, circa 1834.   VCG Wilson/Corbis/Getty Images Brontà « applied for a teaching job of her own in September of 1838. She found the work grueling, working from dawn until nearly 11 pm every day. After just six months, she returned home, quite ill again. Instead, she stayed at Haworth for three more years, taking on household duties, reading and writing, playing the piano. Eventually, the sisters began to make plans to open a school.  Emily and Charlotte went to London and then Brussels, where they attended a school for six months.  They were then invited to stay on as teachers to pay their tuition; Emily taught music and Charlotte taught English. In October to their home for the funeral of their aunt Elizabeth Branwell.  The four Brontà « siblings received shares of their aunt’s estate, and Emily worked as a housekeeper for her father, serving in the role their aunt had taken.   Poetry (1844-1846) Brontà «, after returning from Brussels, began to write poetry again, as well as re-organizing and revising her previous poems.  In 1845, Charlotte found one of her poetry notebooks and was impressed with the quality of the poems; she, Emily, and Anne finally read each others poetry. The three selected poems from their collections for publication, choosing to do so under male pseudonyms. The false names would share their initials: Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. They assumed that male writers would find easier publication. The poems were published as Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell in May of 1846 with the help of the inheritance from their aunt.  They did not tell their father or brother of their project.  The book only initially sold two copies, but got positive reviews, which encouraged Brontà « and her sisters. Portrait of Emily Bronte painted by her sister Charlotte.   Time Life Pictures/Mansell/Getty Images Wuthering Heights (1847) The sisters began preparing novels for publication.  Emily, inspired by the Gondal stories, wrote of two generations of two families and the spiteful Heathcliff, in  Wuthering Heights.  Critics would later find it coarse, without any moral message, a highly unusual novel of its time. As with many authors, Brontà « was not alive when her novels reception shifted, but it did eventually become one of the classics of English literature. The sisters novels - Charlottes Jane Eyre, Emilys Wuthering Heights, and Annes Agnes Grey - were published as a 3-volume set, and Charlotte and Emily went to London to claim authorship, their identities then becoming public. Letters to her publisher seem to show that Brontà « was working on a second novel before her death, but no trace of the manuscript has ever been found. Wuthering Heights was more Gothic than anything her sisters had written, with stark depictions of cruelty and destructive emotions. Its characters are, for the most part, unlikeable, and they serve as vehicles for severe critiques of Victorian-era gender roles and classism, among other things. That harshness, combined with the fact that it was written by a female author, led to a harsh critical reception on grounds of both craft and, more often, morals. It also tended to be compared unfavorably with her sister Charlottes Jane Eyre. The title page of the first edition of Wuthering Heights, circa 1847. Wikimedia Commons Later Life Brontà « had begun a new novel when her brother Branwell, died in April of 1848, probably of tuberculosis.  Some have speculated that the conditions at the parsonage were not so healthy, including a poor water supply and chilly, foggy weather. At her brothers funeral, Brontà « apparently caught a cold. She declined quickly as the cold turned to a lung infection and, eventually, tuberculosis, but she refused medical care until relenting in her last hours.  She died in December.  Then Anne began to show symptoms, though she, after Emily’s experience, did seek medical help.  Charlotte and her friend Ellen Nussey took Anne to Scarborough for a better environment, but Anne died there in May of 1849, less than a month after arriving.  Branwell and Emily were buried in the family vault under Haworth church, and Anne in Scarborough. Legacy Wuthering Heights, Emily’s only known novel, has been adapted for stage, film and television, and remains a best-selling classic. Critics do not know precisely when  Wuthering Heights  was written nor how long it took to write. A few have attempted to argue that Branson Brontà «, brother to the three sisters, wrote this book, but most experts disagree. Emily Brontà « is credited as one of the major sources of inspiration for  Emily Dickinsons  poetry (the other was Ralph Waldo Emerson). According to correspondence at the time, Emily had begun working on another novel after Wuthering Heights was published.  But no trace of that novel has turned up; it may have been destroyed by Charlotte after Emily’s death. Sources Frank, Katherine. A Chainless Soul: A Life of Emily Brontà «. Ballantine Books, 1992.Gà ©rin, Winifred.  Emily Brontà «. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.Vine, Steven.  Emily Brontà «. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1998.

Compensation Benefits Essay - 6166 Words

Running Head: COMPENSATON AND BENEFITS Compensation and Benefits in the Twenty-first Century Abstract Team platinum will explore compensation and benefits in the 21st century. Any review of total compensation must include the crucial areas of health and retirement benefits and financial compensation, as well as discuss the implications of pivotal changes in the market and demographics which impact organizations and overall performance management issues. There are several different compensation and benefit strategies that can be combined in innovative ways to meet the needs of the both the organization and the diverse needs of the employees. The proper administration of a total compensation and benefits package is a†¦show more content†¦When it comes to an individual trying to figure out how much pay they feel they deserve to be paid, they must consider the job they are applying for and the compensation packages the organization is offering. They must decide what is important to them. Do they want benefits like family insurance, dental insurance, profit sharing or other perks? Or do they want to eliminate those perks and take more pay in their place? â€Å"Today more and more employers are experimenting with flexible compensation packages† (Krannich Krannich, 2005, p.38). These perks tend to add up when translated to dollar amounts. Many employers will offer numerous compensation packages where employees can pick and choose or mix and match what they feel are important to them at that point in their life (Krannich Krannich, 2005). Salary Negotiation Tips for Professionals also suggests that employees should negotiate their base pay. What it comes down to is base pay is a major indicator of an employees’ value, as well as the way to compare the value of different positions. Most employees can expect that their base pay is about 60-80 percent of a total compensation package. An employee must not overlook or not focus on the other portion of the package. There is another 20-40 percent of that compensation package that can also be negotiated. It is all in how the employer and employee structure the individual’sShow MoreRelatedCompensation and Benefits1695 Words   |  7 Pages | |Compensation and Benefits | |Human Resource Management Coures | | Employee compensation and benefits are critical factors in the new hire acceptance process andRead MoreCompensation and Benefits2496 Words   |  10 PagesCompensation and Benefits: Methods, Strategies and Performances LaTonya Hopes This paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Human Resource Administration BUS 5273-50 Texas Woman s University School of Management Dr. Derek Crews February 8, 2013 Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 LiteratureRead MoreCompensation and Benefits Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Project The Compensation and Benefits of the Dooly County School System [pic] Renee Bowens HRM430 Professor Eureka Hampton August 16, 2009 DeVry University Abstract This report will show what compensation and benefits are offered to the employees of Dooly County. It will also show how a sick leave bank would benefit the employees that have exhausted their sick and personal leave days in order to care for themselves or their families. I hope this paper will show readers thatRead MoreConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits1442 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits Abstract Compensation is one of the most important considerations perspective employees will make prior to accepting a job offer. For this reason, another performance of Human Resource (HR) professionals is the compensation analysis. The focus of the analyst in this position is to use strategy in formulating compensation and benefits packages that are attractive and conducive to maintaining talented employees (Editorial Board, 2011). As another criticalRead MoreBenefits Of A Executive Compensation1390 Words   |  6 Pagescomplaining about the high executive compensation in the companies. They believe that such executives are draining the resources of such companies at the expense of the shareholders. Despite the non-binding votes from the shareholders against high levels of executive pay, many companies have given a deaf ear to them. Reduction of executive compensation has been a major challenge to many companies. There are various impediments in effecting a reduction in executive compensation. Hiring and retaining top-caliberRead MoreEssay on Compensation and Benefits Strategy1040 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation and Benefits Strategy Landslide Limousine (LL), a small business in Austin, Texas, hired Atwood and Allen Consulting (AAC) to conduct a market evaluation and provide recommendations for the following: a position in the market, a compensation structure, a total compensation and benefits strategy, and performance incentives and merit-based pay to recognize and engage employees. This will help to identify applicable laws related to pay and benefits. This paper includes citations fromRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Compensation Packages1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a compensation packages? Compensation packages are a group of different benefits that employees gain for employers. Compensation is needed for every business no matter what it is to be successful; I do not know anyone who would work for free. (â€Å"Cost-benefit analysis assesses the profitability of a financial endeavor by considering the present value of each cost and benefit. Present values are used under the assumption that money avail able now is worth more than money in the future. That isRead MoreEmployee Compensation And Benefits Package Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction – Employee Compensation and Benefits This paper will outline an employee compensation and benefits package for a new hire for a secretary for the department. First, it will describe the organization I chose for designating a compensation package. Next, this paper will develop an employee compensation and benefits package for this new position. This paper will outline an employee compensation and benefits package for a new hire for a secretary for the department. First, it will describeRead MoreEmployee Compensation And Benefits Packages Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee Compensation and Benefits Organizations create compensation and benefits packages in order to attract the best talent. In today’s global economy it is imperative that organizations offer compensation packages that are competitive in order to recruit the very best talent in the world. However, in order to be successful, compensation packages must align with business strategies. Authors â€Å"Mathis, Jackson, and Valentine (2014) explain that an effective total rewards approach balances theRead MoreEmployee Compensation And Benefits Packages Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In today’s competitive workforce, compensation and benefit packages plays a crucial role on recruitment and retention for both the organization and the employee. Bumpbie finds itself in a situation where it could positively affect its employee’s morale, turnover rate and longevity; by making a strategic decision to implement compensation and benefit packages that will encourage current workers to stay and entice new applicants. Money is not always the inherent reason businesses experience

The Concept of Bartering as Adapted by the Film In Time Free Essays

string(152) " milk and vice versa; both of these goods are subject to intrinsic value, the primary one being the function of satiating and sustaining a human being\." The Concept of Bartering as Adapted by the Film In Time, and Its Implications. HAS 2013 Prices, Values, and Money Contents 1 Introduction of the characteristics of the genres thriller, action, and drama, making it fairly complex and capable of providing several different perspectives as well as various points of analysis, from the general plot to the greater cultural backgrounds. The film centers on the concept of time being utilized as the primary currency in a modernized world which is set a century ahead of the present. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Bartering as Adapted by the Film In Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to intentional genetic engineering money is no longer available in the material form used in today’s society, but has been replaced by time, which can be exchanged for other goods or forms of labor. The actual value of this new type of currency is undeniably not purely symbolic as is the case with today’s form of money, but it is innately linked to the length of one’s own lifetime. Precisely this linkage is what relates this financial concept to that of bartering, and the adaptation of which will be the main topic – alongside with its societal implications – of this paper. Generally speaking the aim of this paper is to study a different conceptualization of exchange – regardless of its unrealistic possibility of enforceability – through an analysis of the concept of time being used as a substitute for money as presented in the film In Time, comparing it with the Aristotelian concept of bartering in an attempt to categorize and define the principles of this alternative form of exchange and its effect on the economy. Following this topic the paper will draw on Aristotle concept of liberality, which is also of importance within the film, inflation as such, and a short analysis of the social class system created by a fictional society run by time. These points should provide further understanding of today’s system of exchange, hills enforcing a more creative and practical approach, ultimately highlighting negative and positive aspects of the current system. Time as Currency The film’s concept of time runs as follows: from the age of 25 years onwards every individual is granted a lifetime of one further year, which begins to count down on their 25th birthday. From then on, the amount of time one has left to live depends on the acquisition of further time, or the expenditure which will inevitably thus ensue in Odder to purchase food and other necessary goods, such as clothes, housing, and electricity; time has become the universal currency. When a person’s clock reaches O, that person dies immediately. The presence of sickness or other natural causes of death are not elaborated on within In Time. The currency of time as used in the film demands an exchange of a certain amount of time for other goods – and can even be exchanged for time itself at the bank in the form of a loan. Labor and services are paved for with time, and the wages allocated to different types of labor may be relationally comparable to those used in today’s society with regard to low-wage Jobs which require little to no education and gig-wage Jobs which usually require at least some sort of education and/or a certain degree of power, such as the Jobs of managers, professors, pilots, and doctors. Daily life and routines seem very much similar to today’s system, with the exception of a higher death rate, however, even casinos and banks are shown in the film and seemingly fulfill the same function they do today. One’s time status – which is comparable to the bank balance of today – is constantly on display in the individual scenes, making it easy for by-passers to inform themselves of one another’s wealth, lest he or she should wear long sleeves or another type of clothing capable of hiding the numbers from view. For example, in the scene in which Will Salsa and Sylvia Weiss swim in the dark the watch presents the only source of light along with the lighting from the mansion, which in itself shares an innate connection with time through its immense worth (see figure 1). The only three obvious differences between the way time is used and the way money is used today lies in the following: firstly, the country has been manually divided into ‘time zones’, the crossing of which itself costs time – travel today only raises costs in question of transportation. Secondly, the fact that time is constantly being spent by an individual – somewhat unintentionally – Just by being alive, whereas money on the other hand retains its value and can only be spent intentionally, and thirdly, that there seems to be no form of taxation or even individual fortune tracking. The government is, however, keen on surveillance, which becomes evident through the large amount of cameras which are situated seemingly everywhere, and through monitors which convey the proportional distribution of time – therefore wealth – throughout the United States; the main purpose of this is to ensure that wealth continues to follow the geographical pattern which was dictated by the government, so that the very wealthy time zones continue to harbor the largest proportion of the country’s wealth, while the poorer areas share very little wealth between them. The film focuses on two specific time zones: the very wealthy New Greenwich – home of the Weiss family, and the poorer Dayton – home of the Salsa family, which illustrates the extreme social discrepancies achieved through differences in wealth. Bartering The concept of bartering is constantly being revised and today means a form of exchange where a good or certain form of labor is exchanged for another good or certain form of labor, whereby both of the goods or the labor in question are separable from their possessors and carry palpable value – usually in terms of their use and quality – as in, for example, the exchange of berries for milk and vice versa; both of these goods are subject to intrinsic value, the primary one being the function of satiating and sustaining a human being. You read "The Concept of Bartering as Adapted by the Film In Time" in category "Papers" According to Aristotle, however, the concept of bartering carries a slightly different meaning. Firstly, Aristotle differentiates between types of property according to how hose are acquired, for example through hunting, or agricultural processes. These acquisitions demand time, which may be reduced by level of skill, therefore it is only logical that individuals should first and foremost pursue tasks for which they possess the required skills, basic required goods, or geographical advantages – for example a hunter living near a forest with a large quantity of game, or a wheat farmer with a sufficient amount of land available to him – and then exchange the in – excess acquired – good for a good which is more difficult or more important for the man in question to obtain. The value of each good is measured individually by each of the partners or group of individuals with the same interest partaking in the exchange, Shoes may be exchanged for a house, cattle for horses, eggs for wood, harvest labor for bread, and so on and so forth. Essentially the value of each good is constantly being revised, there is no one form of currency, money in today’s form does not exist, a central market is not existent, and the government – should there be some sort of government present – has no impact on bartering as such. 4 Time as Currency in Association with Bartering As mentioned above, the currency of time within the film In Time carries an intrinsic value – that of being capable of influencing the length of one’s life. Money in the material form used today does not have as acute an influence on the length of one’s life apart from its use in acquiring medicine or food from another human being, however, time too must pay for these goods nit the film. Following the traditional concept of bartering, man-made products or labor are exchanged for other man-made products or labor, however, time, as such, can be classed as neither f the two. Time is universally granted and – although man cannot alter time itself, he can – in this specific setting – gain more of it, or lose some or all of it, thereby ‘bartering’ with his own life. At this point it may also be relevant to acknowledge the circumstance of time being an infinite concept in terms of gaining, and yet, it is certainly possible to be deprived of any time at all – by society, by oneself, or by the greater powers of the universe, leading to immediate death. The fact that time is, however, the only globally accepted currency – currency eyeing a theoretic opposition to the concept of bartering, is somewhat of a negation of the possibility of seeing this system as a form of bartering. In bartering the changeability of a good or of labor is subject to the interest another has in it, and whether or not the individual – or group of individuals – is capable of exchanging this for a good or for labor of their own which is of interest to the partner of exchange. In a typical bartering society there would be no primary or main good available for transfer, and certainly none by which value could be measured in any form, as time r the dollar can. Goods would be dependent on the separate circumstances of each individual, and their values would be subject to constant revisal. Currency as such is defined as being a system of money in general use in a particular country (Oxford English Dictionary, 2013). Aristotle intense occupation with the concept of slavery amongst men can, however, not be analyzed via the film, as slavery in its original form does not play a role, because modern human rights forbid inequality among mankind. The population of Dayton is indeed, to a certain extent, enslaved to the government, as he government regulates inflation and thereby death rates, and due to governmental ‘time keepers’ – comparable to rope-men in contemporary societies – who are empowered to relieve individuals of time should they be accused of having acquired it without sufficient rights, or in case of other criminal allegations. Prisons are naturally impossible institutions in poorer societies run by time, as inmates would not be capable of earning enough time to keep themselves alive during their stay without further work, which instead leads them to inevitable death. Aristotle coins the term ‘liberality’ in regard to money, describing a liberal man as one who is neither â€Å"acquisitive nor retentive of money, but is ready to part with it, and does not value it for himself, but only with a view to giving† (Aristotle. The Ethics of Aristotle. Trans. J. Thomson. England: Penguin Books, 1953. Print. ). In Time portrays protagonist Will Salsa as becoming somewhat of a liberal man. Toward the end of the film’s development, he and Sylvia Weiss – daughter of one of the richest men in the world at the time – abide by the Robin Hood principle, which souses on the redistribution of wealth in order to reduce economic inequality. The most fascinating aspect here, is that the ‘wealth’ in question is far more life-giving, than money in the standard form, which certainly buys food, however, the human being is capable of living for far longer without food than without ‘time’ as portrayed in the film itself. Strictly speaking this means that an extreme form of liberality is achieved through the disregard Salsa and Weiss show in relation to the value of their own retention of time, and the selflessness they are capable of embodying, even at such high costs. The film’s opening scene introduces Salsa as being confined state by – as is later revealed – the constant need to find more and more time in order to prolong his life, putting him in a metaphorical ongoing fight for life. The scene shows Salsa from a medium close-up, standing behind a barred window and looking outside (see figure 2), before switching to a medium longest inside the room, which is almost completely dark save for the backlogging coming in through the window, again emphasizing the confinement Salsa must endure while wistfully looking out of the window in yearning for freedom (see figure 3). Freedom is, however, of course not available to Salsa. He is physically free to leave his apartment at any given time, but he will never be able to overcome the hold that the financial system has on him – at least not legally, but this he has yet to discover. Inflation The ability – and strongly pronounced desire – to acquire more and more time inevitably leads to higher life expectancies, and therefore also overpopulation. The government has come up with a solution to this problem: inflation. Through inflation individuals with little time on them are subject to a higher mortality risk, and this is owe the population is regulated, so as to avoid an increase in societal problems, such as a heightened crime rate, lack of food, water, or medicine, sanitary issues, etc. The effects of inflation in poverty stricken areas are illustrated in one of the scenes at the very beginning, during which the mother of the protagonist dies on her way home because she does not have enough time available to her to pay for the inflated bus fares. It is, however, important to note that, although inflation takes place in the same way it does in today’s society, the currency itself, I. E. Mime, is not affected by inflation as such: physically an hour of time remains the same amount of a person’s lifetime, the only change in worth comes from the good being acquired by time, which then costs more. At the same time this circumstance underlines the lack of individualizing existent within the film, the effect of which is achieved by the apparent stereotypical disrespect which the lower classes are confronted with and deaths which occur on the streets of the poorer time zones, people being so used to seeing these corpses that they no longer pay heed to their presence and have mingle accepted the irrelevance of their lives in the social system. Inflation is not possible in standard bartering as conceptualized by Aristotle. A commodity’s value is determined by its degree of desirability, and so in times of famine edible goods are naturally more highly valued than, for example, in times of good harvest. This point further distances the concept of time as currency from being a form of bartering as it is made clear that inflation of time prices is very much determined and arranged by the government as is perspective’s needed, not as is natural. Influence on Social Class The lower classes tend to have little more than a few hours on their clocks, which means that affected individuals must move fast, are far more susceptible to crime due to the instinctive incessant need to survive, are prone to resorting to the vulgar sport of ‘fighting’ each other for time in front of an audience, and are subject to more casualties than the higher classes with more time on them are. Social mobility is fairly limited, especially in the poorer time zones, as the search for more time plays an acute role in the search for a partner, however limited this time may be through he constant need to work more. Aristotle describes slaves as being strong enough to absolve the menial duties life presents mankind with, while the freemen are useless for physical labor, but useful for many other purposes of civic life. This can easily be related to the correlation between the upper and lower classes in the film, where the lower classes work in factories or on the streets doing manual labor and producing goods for the upper classes which they can hardly afford themselves, while the upper classes either busy themselves with tasks – if at all – which demand brain power of a stable financial Asia, all the while exploiting the lower classes. Sylvia view on the clock and time as the sole form of exchange available is as follows: â€Å"The clock does no one any good. The poor die and the rich don’t really know how to live. We can live forever if we don’t do anything stupid. Doesn’t that scare you? † (In Time. Dir. Andrew Niccole. Twentieth Century Fox. 2012. Film. ) This describes two of the main issues with which society is presented: the fear and thus ensuing motivation of sudden death, as well as the lack of motivation one may encounter on owning a large amount of time, for there is then of course no longer a need to work ND yet these individuals have so much time that they no longer know how they may occupy themselves. Film Analysis In Time incorporates a combination of many different types of scenes, ranging from dark to light, hectic to slow, extreme close ups to extreme longest, all of which work together to help emphasize the extremity of using time as currency, as well as traumatizing and detailing its effects on society. As mentioned above, the clock displayed on the forearm of each and every individual within the movie is often used keeping the audience’s perspective constant and attentive to the ‘bigger picture’, which the film conveys, as is the case in the swimming scene with Salsa and Well, where the viewer is reminded not to lose himself in the comparatively rather banal romantics, but to stay alert and capable of interpretation on a larger level. The lack of individualism in this type of society is also illustrated. From the first scene onwards – in which Salsa is shown looking outside through the bars of a window – the clammy and fearful atmosphere driven by survival instinct alone without any visually explained causes is constantly reinforced, for example in the scene in which Will Salsa’ mother dies in the middle of an empty road from no hysterical cause, or the moment in which the man who gives Salsa over a hundred years simply seems to fall off a bridge filmed from an extreme longest, making the viewer feel all the more helpless and emotionally affected. Conclusion Time is not merely a medium of exchange in the way money is, it is a good or service, which can be directly exchanged for other goods. Therefore, it is essentially distantly related to Aristotle concept of bartering, consequentially combining the traditional concept of exchange with the less modern and, in today’s society, rarely enforced concept of bartering. However, one distinct difference lies in the fact that the society Aristotle focused on was to force individuals to be responsible for acquiring their goods individually, whereas in the modern society presented by the film organized work and an advanced market are the predominant themes in which individuals are far from producing their own goods directly. The use of time as the only legally recognized currency ultimately intertwines the length of one’s life with the material quality of life itself – what can man physically acquire and how much of it? This adds the component of natural survival instinct to the motivation for finding and keeping work, and has the distinct effect of eliminating unemployment in cases of poverty. The effect this has on crime rates is most likely ambiguous, as the sanctions which a criminal would face are almost certainly life threatening, and yet, if one’s life is in danger due to lack of time, he or she is far more likely to commit an illegal act in order to acquire more time than otherwise. These points make this financial system far more interesting on a societal level than anthropometry systems, as society’s thinking is deeply affected by a more acute occupation with life itself and the inevitable death, the proximity of which is by far more dependent on one’s way of life – how much time is spent working, where and as what, with whom one chooses to spend time, etc. Status seems to play a rather large role in the upper classes, even more so than in today’s society, as it seems that lack of status is greeted with disrespect, as is demonstrated by the waitress at the hotel in which Will Salsa has breakfast, by her comment on the speed at which he moves. Naturally, if one has a very large amount of time there is less of a need to move fast – quite on the contrary, moving slowly is somewhat of a prerequisite to avoid having too little to do with so much time. An analysis of this concept allows for the realization that the current financial concept of money can be comparatively seen as lacking in certain fields. Firstly, the to the fact that the motivation to work is not as high as it is in the film – sanctions would be needed in order to increase the motivation. Secondly, the film highlights the extreme differences in between different social classes, which promotes inequality where it should not – a reevaluation of proportional taxation a integrated living areas could provide possible improvements. Thirdly, liberality is naturally a more common phenomenon in the current society than in the film’s society, as there is less at stake, and inflation is mainly influenced by governmental regulations and has far less to do with the availability of a good or service. Through the replacement of money with time a new form of financial system is introduced, which is loosely related to the concept of bartering. How to cite The Concept of Bartering as Adapted by the Film In Time, Papers

I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fan Essay Example For Students

I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fan Essay tasy is a necessary ingredient in living, its a way of looking at life through the wrong end of a telescope. Which is what I do, and that enables you to laugh at lifes realities.Dr. SeussTheodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield Massachusetts in 1904. He went to Dartmouth College and Oxford University as an English Literature student. He started writing for the Jacko Lantern the Dartmouth College humor magazine, and gain much notoriety by writing with Judge magazine after that (www.cyber-seuss.com).He worked as a cartoonist for almost a decade and then, in 1937, he wrote and illustrated his first childrens book, And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. The following is from a page I found on the Internet:Long before the Obsks would make a casual appearance in If I Ran the Zoo their own story would be told. This story comes from Teds life around the time he left Standard Oil in the 30s while the depression still held America in its grips. It was a 4 page illustrated novelette that was never published, and the text went like this. A flock of ObsksFrom down in NobsksHiked up to BobsksTo look for JobsksThen back to NobsksWith sighs and Sobsks There were, in Bobsks,No jobs for Obsks. Dr. Seuss was a genius, who did not only write his books for children. Many of his books have morals that he was trying to get through to the adult who was reading the book, and at the same time instill them in the child as they grow. And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street is an example of this type of book with morals for both adult and child. It is the story of a boy whose imagination is too strong for his fathers liking. The boy is afraid to go home and tell his father what he thinks he saw on Mulberry Street, in fear of what his father will say about the outrageous things that happened. Seuss was trying to show how adults can stifle and kill a childs imagination without even knowing they are doing it. (http://www.afn.org/`afn15301/drseuss.html)Dr. Seusss first book was an instant success and soon after came the books The Kings Stilts (1939) and Horton Hatches the Egg (1940). During World War II, Geisel wrote films for the war effort. One of these films, entitled Design for Death, a documentary about the Japanese people, won him an Academy Award in 1947. For several decades following Ted Geisel wrote many more childrens books, 40 books in all. They include favorites as How the Grinch Stole Christmas, the first grade reader The Cat in the Hat, and Green Eggs and Ham. The Lorax, written in 1971, focused on environmental concerns such as air and water pollution, and land waste. In 1984, he wrote The Butter Battle which revolved around nuclear war. It seems that Ted Geisel was asked by a Dartmouth college classmate to come to Chicago for a visit, and being promised a third honorary degree as a filip, Ted and his wife Helen went, only to find out that he was scheduled to be the speaker at the commencement ceremonies. He only had a short time to put together a speech, which lasted only 75 seconds, and was titled My Uncle Terwilliger on the Art of Eating Popovers. My uncle ordered popoversfrom the restaurants bill of fare. And when there were served,he regarded themwith a penetrating stare Then he spoke great Words of Wisdomas he sat there in that chair!To eat these things,Said my uncle,You must exercise great care. .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .postImageUrl , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:hover , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:visited , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:active { border:0!important; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:active , .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93 .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub86020f871e7ccb229bb3b7fb6fb2c93:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ulysses EssayYou may swallow down what solid BUT You must spit out the air!And As you partake of the worlds bill of fare,Thats darned good advice to follow. Do a lot of spitting out the hot airAnd be careful what you swallow.

Battleship Pottemkin free essay sample

Battleship Potemkin Watching movie is one of the most essential elements for recreation and learning through in to an interesting way. Moreover, it’s also my passion to watch movie. Basically I would like to watch classical movie which is the basement of contemporary movie. So, I like Battleship Potemkin which was directed by Sergei Eisenstein for its historical value of story, visualization of this movie and editing. The movie â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† has a historical value within it. The story of Battleship Potemkin is based on naval revaluation in Russia in 1905. Some of the historian said that was the basic level of October revaluation which is also known as Russian revaluation in 1917. That was the revaluation against expiation of the government at that time. The labor of the ship was exploited by the higher ranking officer and the corruption of higher ranking officer was the shadow of government, which was also known as Jar. We will write a custom essay sample on Battleship Pottemkin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And the labor and low ranking officer decided to make a movement to protect the corruption of government and after that people of the Russia became the part of this revaluation. The most interesting part of this movie is visualization with a new dimension. There were so many differences from other movies. Visualization of this movie was more advanced and beautifully poetic. More than ten thousand people were acting as extra. That was so fascinating to watch the movement and the angel of the camera. The power of the visualization was so effective that it would not make any trouble to understand the movie though it was a silent movie. Editing of this movie became a remarkable part in the history of cinema, because this movie introduced montage for the first time in history. Montage is a style of editing in which juxtaposed of two shots make another meaning. There is a scene called â€Å"Odessa Steps† became most frequent scene of all time. This movie taught us how to edit the cinema by using grammar. After this movie montage became so popular that every editor uses it. I learn many things from this movie like history and techniques of making films. This movie is so effective for them who want to be a film maker. As a result, I have spent a great time by gaining lots of lesson which makes my aim changes to become a film maker. (Descriptive Essay)

Free Essays on How To Cook A Turkey

HOW TO COOK A TURKEY You might think that cooking a turkey is one of the easiest things to do, but really it isn’t. You need to have a lot of patients and need to know just the right way to cook it. Through this essay I will show you how to prepare, and cook a turkey. The first thing you must do is thawing it out. This process is the most time consuming part of preparing it, this could take up to5 days or 12 hours depending on the size of it. After the turkey has been thawed out you must now prepare it for the cooking by following these steps: Remove original plastic wrapper from thawed or fresh turkey. Remove the neck and giblets from the body and neck cavities. Thoroughly rinse turkey and inside cavity. Drain juices and blot turkey dry with paper towels. Return legs to tucked position, if untucked. If using an oven-safe meat thermometer, insert into the deepest part of the thigh. Brush with oil to prevent drying of the skin. Once you have prepared it, it is now time for you to cook it. There are many types of ways to cook a turkey you can roast it, smoke it, microwave it, and also deed fry it. But the most traditional way is to roast it and that is the way that I will explain how to do. When roasting it this could take up to 5 hours unstuffed and 5 Â ¼ hours stuffed and it also depends on the sizes. And with the following steps you will be able to create a juicy, golden brown, and perfect turkey: Place thawed or fresh turkey, breast up, on a flat rack in a shallow pan, 2 to 2Â ½ inches deep. Insert oven-safe meat thermometer into the thickest part of the thigh. Brush or rub skin with oil to prevent drying of the skin and to enhance the golden color. Place in a preheated 325 Â °F oven. When the skin is a light golden color and the turkey is about two-thirds done, shield the breast loosely with a tent of lightweight foil to prevent overcooking of the breast. Turkey is done when the meat thermometer reaches t... Free Essays on How To Cook A Turkey Free Essays on How To Cook A Turkey HOW TO COOK A TURKEY You might think that cooking a turkey is one of the easiest things to do, but really it isn’t. You need to have a lot of patients and need to know just the right way to cook it. Through this essay I will show you how to prepare, and cook a turkey. The first thing you must do is thawing it out. This process is the most time consuming part of preparing it, this could take up to5 days or 12 hours depending on the size of it. After the turkey has been thawed out you must now prepare it for the cooking by following these steps: Remove original plastic wrapper from thawed or fresh turkey. Remove the neck and giblets from the body and neck cavities. Thoroughly rinse turkey and inside cavity. Drain juices and blot turkey dry with paper towels. Return legs to tucked position, if untucked. If using an oven-safe meat thermometer, insert into the deepest part of the thigh. Brush with oil to prevent drying of the skin. Once you have prepared it, it is now time for you to cook it. There are many types of ways to cook a turkey you can roast it, smoke it, microwave it, and also deed fry it. But the most traditional way is to roast it and that is the way that I will explain how to do. When roasting it this could take up to 5 hours unstuffed and 5 Â ¼ hours stuffed and it also depends on the sizes. And with the following steps you will be able to create a juicy, golden brown, and perfect turkey: Place thawed or fresh turkey, breast up, on a flat rack in a shallow pan, 2 to 2Â ½ inches deep. Insert oven-safe meat thermometer into the thickest part of the thigh. Brush or rub skin with oil to prevent drying of the skin and to enhance the golden color. Place in a preheated 325 Â °F oven. When the skin is a light golden color and the turkey is about two-thirds done, shield the breast loosely with a tent of lightweight foil to prevent overcooking of the breast. Turkey is done when the meat thermometer reaches t...

Global Enterprise and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Enterprise and Innovation - Essay Example â€Å"Innovation has been the basis of the great performance of the Jack Daniel’s trademark, this was inclusive of the commencement and universal crush of Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Honey,† the company said. Even though the invention by and large is up to the authoritarian criteria for classification as a, straight bourbon the corporation disavows this categorization and markets it basically as Tennessee whiskey rather than as Tennessee bourbon. Packaged in distinguishing square bottles, a total of 11 million cases of the flagship "Black Label" product were sold in the corporation’s financial year ending April 30, 2013 Tennessee Honey has been seen to be incredibly popular in Brown-Forman’s next and subsequent major markets; this markets include Australia (contributing 13% of total sales) and the UK (9%), and similarly to Poland and South Africa. Brown-Forman said that Tennessee Honey, in connection with other innovations, lead to the rise of the company’s net sales by 25% in the financial year. In the meantime, the group’s portfolio of best and finest American whiskeys, are inclusive of: Woodford Reserve and Jack Daniel’s Gentleman Jack raised the sales by 20% for the duration of the year. Innovation from Jack Daniel’s portfolio played a crucial role increasing the sales by 12% expansion rate in Brown-Forman’s comprehensive voyage vend industry, motivated by the flourished Jack Daniel’s Sinatra Select. Brown-Forman viewed that the â€Å"outstanding† presentation of the Woodford Reserve product, which growth increased by 28% in course of the year, gives a bright insight of international expectations for the super-premium whiskey. The business attained concrete price hike, which assisted them expand the margin. Due to sustained international attention in North American, whiskey and constructive trends, the company remains watchfully confident that Brown-Forman’s strong and unprejudiced natural growth will carry

Environmental Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Quality - Essay Example There have been many government funded agencies which have helped to do testing and figure out ways in which to improve our ecosystem. Minnesota has always been on the forefront in environmental safety. Interestingly enough, one of my teachers has joined the board who helps to decide how many and what types of products must be purchased which are deemed environmentally safe for our state. They help to set guidelines on what kinds of materials can be used and how much must be spent on environmentally safe products versus unsafe products. These are only a few of the things done to help improve the quality of the environment around our area. Local groups have been organizing clean up days and if you ever stroll down Minneapolis, you'll notice how amazingly clean it has become. In fact, sometimes when I take the bus and check out downtown Minneapolis, I barely see a newspaper thrown on the ground somewhere. There are, however, many different things which can be done to help improve the environmental status of the Twin Cities. For instance, increase recycling announcements could be made. Many people I know don't even know where to drop off their items which can be recycled. Bulletins and fliers could be produced and distributed around apartments and dropped off at people's houses with numbers to call an addresses for places to drop off their waste materials.

Overview of the Environmental Security Debate Essay

Overview of the Environmental Security Debate - Essay Example The essay "Overview of the Environmental Security Debate" talks about the improving the wellbeing of the environment by including the notion of environmental security to national security policies. The weakening significance of superpower conflict in the past decade has provided an impetus to the emergence of flexibility in the notions of national security. Previously constructed to a set of external military dangers, the concept nowadays frequently emphasizes the importance of concerns such as environmental protection, economic progress, and global sustainability. Environmental security is labeled as a relevant subject matter in international affairs and it is being exploited to define the motives of countries under an array of contexts. For instance, the Kyoto agreement which curtails global greenhouse gasses has been disputed and defended on the basis of its influence on America’s national security. Warren Christopher, the former Secretary of State, proclaimed in his 1996 speech at Stanford University the resolution of the Clinton administration â€Å"to put environmental issues where they belong: in the mainstream of American foreign policy†. Subsequently, President Clinton has branded environmental security as one of the many concerns that America will be confronting in the contemporary times. The fundamental concept of environmental security signifies an attempt to put more emphasis on the issues of environmental degradation through openly fastening them to previous military notions of security.

Effects of Cross-Cultural Exchange

Effects of Cross-Cultural Exchange Cross-Cultural Exchange Alex Carr Cross-Cultural Exchange was a fundamental part of the development of societies. Through this form of exchange, societies were able to acquire knowledge from one and other, and upon doing so enrich their own cultures through studying abroad. When looking at the effects of cross-cultural exchange, there are many different aspects of study. Some of these aspects include, new foods being brought to different continents, cultures being shared, the use of old world traditions in new places which havent seen the likes of such before and the rise of empires through expansion. When looking at the spread of knowledge and culture throughout Europe, it is evident that this is very much a two-way process. One of the first examples of cross-cultural exchange, though not entirely out of choice to one culture, is the slave trade. Through the slave trade, there is for the first time, blacks in parts of the world which have never seen people of this colour before. Screens painted in Japan can be seen as another example of cross-cultural exchange, as these provide a glimpse of the first contact made in Japan by the Portuguese. Another major exchange of culture would of course be the spread of various religions throughout Europe, America, Asia and Africa. Christianity is the largest religion and has been spread by influential figures. The largest example of this would be the spread of Christianity over the Roman Empire when Constantine became Christian which happened in 313, so although this was very early in world history, nonetheless it was the foundation for Chris tianity in Europe. Christianity itself was founded in about 30 AD and was followed according to the teachings of Jesus Christ. Through the decline of the classical form of government which in empires was a monarchy, several factors contributed to the spread of the religions that can be seen throughout the world today. As previously seen throughout history most religions were regional, rather than national because it was much harder to travel, and spread the word of these religions unless preached by missionaries and such. Buddhism spread throughout India and Hinduism spread to several other areas of India. Hinduism had a profound influence on Southeast Asia. Christianity had the ability to grow in the Roman Empire and even beyond, it even found its way into the Middle East, and North Africa. Religion was, and still is possibly the most influential part of cross-cultural exchange, as it can bring nations together, or even apart. One of the most profound effects of cross-cultural exchange may very well be the introduction of different foods to all different parts of the world through the trade of different cultures foods. One of the most evident examples of this would be when Columbus returned from Spain in 1493, bringing with him things never before seen in Europe, such as horses, pigs, wheat, chickpeas, vegetable seeds, and fruit trees. This event sparked the trade between different continents, which allowed exotic foods to be imported. The exchange of different foods is an essential part of life, as these caused drastic changes in the usual staple foods of different countries. An example of this is tomatoes in Italy, now a staple food but once only found in the valleys of Mexico. Another major example of how essential the exchange of food is would be corn. Corn was originally from Cuba, there Columbus discovered its many uses, and corn spread through the world. Corn became the main source of food on slave ships. Another crop that quickly became a very prominent food in the European diet was the potato. They were grown on land not suitable for other crops, and cheap to grow. They quickly became cheap food for inmates and other impoverished areas. One major way that foods are spread throughout different countries is of course through immigration. This is very evident in Canada, because the country is so ethnically diverse; there can be foods from all over the world seen in Canada. Canada is a very good example of cross-cultural exchange because of the diversity that is there which has been created through their very open immigration system, which does not discriminate according to race. Many different religions are seen in Canada, foods from all over the world, a vast number of different races, all living together in one place, all because of cross-cultural exchange and more specifically immigration. The expansion of empires in the western world was a very good example of cross-cultural exchange, as the colonies were heavily influenced by their homelands. As these new colonies were formed, religion once again played a major role in the formation of these colonies. The religion was once again of course Christianity. Early Christian philosopher St Augustine once preached â€Å"regardless of colour, all people were Gods creation.† This is an interesting quote, as history proves that blacks were clearly exploited, and not created as equals. There is also the use of old world traditions in new colonies, some of which arent still popular in their countries of origin, but still to date find their daily use in the colonies now formed into independent countries. An example of this would be an old tradition which is that women whose husbands have died must wear black to mourn dates back to at least the Roman Empire. This tradition was brought from the Roman Empire into America and o ther countries and is a tradition which is still used on a daily basis to date. This is just one example of how cross-cultural exchange had such a large effect on the world, dating back to the Roman Empire, and still in effect today. Another prominent example is Quebec, which was originally a colony of France. Quebec became a colony of France as early as 1608, and remained so until 1867 when it joined confederation. Quebec is a French speaking province and holds many traditions brought over from France. The French that is spoken in Quebec itself is not the same as in France, but is actually slightly skewed, this is an example of how there is cross-cultural exchange. Although settlers came from France, the culture is slightly different because although old traditions were inherited, new ones were also formed, according to the new lifestyle that was being lived in Quebec. The French culture in Quebec is still very heavily preserved to date and even to such a degree that Quebec does no t feel a part of Canada and would like to separate from Canada. Colonialism very much ties in with the expansion of empires, because colonialism is basically the spread of nations into new countries. Colonialism is a good example of cross-cultural exchange because when new colonies are founded, they bring not only the traditions and culture from their homeland, but also bring new cultures from immigrants of other countries, which helps to build a much more culturally diverse country ultimately. Through the spread of exotic foods, traditions of old countries newly expanded empires, and new insightful religions cross-cultural exchange has proven to be an essential part of the development of the modern world. Without the profound effects of cross-cultural exchange the current world, as diverse as it is may not exist. Cross-cultural exchange has taught the civilization of earth many lessons about all aspects of life, most of which have been learned from and help the world to progress in a positive direction.

The Relationship Between Ishtar and Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

The Relationship Between Ishtar and Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh The story of Gilgamesh seems to be a collection of trials and tribulation. Throughout the book, you watch characters battle demons with each other, as well as within themselves. The tantalizing temptations that fill each character, ultimately leads to destruction and death. One example was the relationship between Ishtar and Gilgamesh. Both characters display a type of arrogant, 'ego-consciousness' (Neumann 63) that inevitably leads to subversive fate. In the beginning of the story we see Gilgamesh as a womanizer. His submissive behavior is driven by his own self-sufficiency. When Enkidu forces him to see the reality of his own vanity, Gilgamesh withdraws from his obsession and embarks on a new quest with Enkidu; one that will fill his other ego, his masculinity. After the slayig of the ferocious giant, Humbaba, Ishtar is filled with a lustful desire to betrothe him. When she approaches Gilgamesh, his new sense of self-worth derails him from Ishtar's 'seductive wiles'. (Neumann 63)He replies hastily, insulting her of her past. "Your lovers have found you like a brazier which smoulders in the cold,...a castle which crushes the garrison,...a stone which falls from the parapet,...a sandal that trips the wearer."( pg.30) It is ironic that Gilgamesh finds her past to be so depictable after he spent years of womanizing for his own pleasure. Does he think that he is better than her because he has abandoned his old ways? He really hasn't changed at all. He is still filled with his 'ego-consciousness', just in a different form. As he goes on ridiculing Ishtar, his self-ego grows even more; and once again will be punished for his actions. After this, Ishtar is filled with so much anger, revenge is all she can think of. Her ego has been crushed and she must reclaim it. So she sends down the Bull of Heaven which kills Enkidu and leaves scarring not only on the people but the Gods as well.

Last night at the regent theatre in Hanley Essay

Last night at the Regent Theatre in Hanley, Stoke-upon-Trent , I witnessed a spectacular performance of Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare. William Shakespeare is regarded as a true great among modern poets and playwrights alike. The play began with a masterfully written battle scene between the two feuding families, the Capulet’s and the Montague’s, both of similar social status. This primary scene soon evolved into a story of two teens, torn between their love for each other and fear of betraying their families. The highlight of the performance was the balcony scene; it was very dramatic and romantic. The show was stolen by the actor, Los Angeles, who played Lord Capulet ~(Juliet’s dad). He showed the audience how harsh but valuable to the storyline this character is, adding sparks to the performance with lines such as: ‘Hang thee, young baggage disobedient wretch’ (act three scene five) The end of the performance showed how parental conflict can interfere with lives of others and end in tragedy with the death of both the families youngest offspring. After the performance I interviewed Mr Jones and his teen son Bradley about their thoughts and feelings about the superb reproduction of the original Shakespeare romance. Interview with Father Journalist: Mr Joe Bloggs Father: Mr Jones Journalist: What do you think of attitudes of fathers in William Shakespeare’s time? Father: Control of teens is a lot more relaxed than when it was back then. I know myself; fathers in 2002 are struggling to gain respect from their teen children now and then patriarchal control was more or less one hundred percent. I think the attitude of fathers in William Shakespeare’s time was unnecessarily strict and forceful, for example Act 3 Scene 5 lord Capulet says: † Go with Paris to Saint Peters church or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither† I mean, strict is always good from a parents point of view but sometimes it can be a little over the top. Kids still need to be responsible for their own life and actions although parents can’t be too overruling, especially in my opinion, in marital circumstances. Still I can sympathise, being a father myself, he probably just wanted the best for Juliet but like you said, sometimes being too strict can have tragic consequences. Journalist: In Act 3 Scene 5, do you think lord Capulet was being fair to assume Juliet would accept the marriage proposal? Father: I think that lord Capulet was doing what he thought was best for Juliet in that day and age. Keeping Juliet in a good family, making sure she would be taken care of was obviously important to lord Capulet, so yes, I don’t think it was fair for Lord Capulet to expect Juliet to marry someone she wasn’t in love with. He obviously thought he was doing his best, but this would be frowned on nowadays. I think he could of prevented his daughters by trying to get to know Juliet better and discussing the marital problems with her. I could tell they were not close when Lord Capulet said: â€Å"Graze where you will, you shall not house with me† Journalist: In act 1 Scene 1, Lord Capulet enters an argument between servants of both families, he is seen as being keen to defend his family and to be faithful to them, but in Act 1 Scene 5 at the Capulet’s ball, he denies Tybalt his revenge and stops him from fighting Romeo. What do you think this says about his character? Father: His character shows that he is eager to defend his family honour, but he also sees these arguments as pointless, and he decides his family are worth all the hassle. At the Capulet’s party, I think he stops a fight occurring just to keep the peace, especially seeing as Romeo is not causing any harm. He wants his party to stay unspoilt. This covers up his usual short-tempered personality. Journalist: Do you think Capulet was thinking of his daughter when he arranged the marriage to Paris? Father: I can be sympathetic here, simply because looking deeper into it, and upon phrases such as: â€Å"She is the hopeful lady of my earth†, it seems that Capulet only wants the best for his daughter Juliet, and wants her in a stable marriage with a wealthy man. Although, as the scene develops it becomes clear that Capulet wants a husband for Juliet to keep the families high status and to increase Lord Capulet’s riches, he does not see love as part of the equation. So, when Juliet meets Juliet meets Romeo I think she say it as a way out, a window or maybe just as an act of rebellion. Journalist: Overall, What do you think William Shakespeare is trying to show us through Capulet’s character and about parental conflict through his play? Father: I think William Shakespeare is trying to put across the sheer futility of parental conflict and that you can’t force anybody into your way of thinking and most importantly, that true love conquers all! Interview with daughter Journalist: Joe Bloggs Son: Bradley Journalist: What do you think of the attitudes of teens towards their parents in William Shakespeare’s time, compared to now? Daughter: I think modern day parents are a lot more easy going than they were back then, and because of this, I know my father for one thinks we tend to take advantage of this! However, nowadays this kind of equal ranking between parent and teens, means a closer relationship forms, and I personally think we tend to discuss things more as a family. Journalist: In act 3 scene 5, what do you think about Juliet’s attitude towards the arranged marriage based on her first impressions? Daughter: In my opinion Juliet was absolutely in the right here. I realise in some religions this kind of thing is completely normal, but if my father introduced a man I hardly knew to me, only to tell me I was to spend the rest of my life with him, I would be thoroughly disgusted and certainly rebel against it! Journalist: Do you think Juliet was wrong to go behind her fathers back with Romeo even after she knew he was a Montague? Daughter: Yes, I think she should have told her parents of the situation and if they would prefer to lose a daughter than to live with it then Juliet would have to decide whether it is all really worth the fuss. After all, love is such a strong emotion and can a girl of her age really be sure what she is feeling? In spite of everything even her father thought she was too young at first as he says: ‘She hath not yet seen the change of fourteen years’ Journalist: How much do you think Juliet’s parents are responsible for Juliet’s death? Daughter: If anyone is responsible for her death it is her father! He almost drove her to the brink of insanity and depression; he shouldn’t have been so persistent about marrying someone she didn’t love. However I do not feel he is entirely to blame. Journalist: What do you think William Shakespeare is trying to show us about parental conflict and true love through his play? Daughter: Parental conflict interferes with things but true love will always come out best, nothing can stand in the way of people being together, not even the grim reaper, as shown in this tragic play of love and romance. Conclusion It seems as a whole both father and daughter feel that parenting in the time of William Shakespeare was kept quite tight knit and strict. Also both see that William Shakespeare is trying to express his feelings of futility towards parental conflict. It can affect the lives dramatically and most importantly he feels that love conquers all. David seems to feel that Lord Capulet was only trying to help by finding a partner for his daughter although he thinks Lord Capulet is too strict a parent. In a complete contrast Isabel disagrees with David and thinks Lord Capulet was wrong to assume he could arrange a marriage but she also believes parenting was too strict then. Conclusion- well it is agreed that parenting was very strict in those days although no-one seems to agree on whether Lord Capulet was in the right when arranging the marriage but in those days maybe a father being this forceful about marital situations was normal. Also the Capulet’s do seem partly responsible for their daughter’s death. Maybe they shouldn’t have tried to get to know their child better and the tragedy that followed might have been prevented? Who will ever know? Its up to you, the reader to decide now.

Womens Right to Education

Womens Right to Education Hashtag: #HappyWomensDay The Struggle for Formal Education The international Women’s Day is celebrated to recognize the struggles and achievements of women around the word. Two of the most prominent of these achievements are the right to vote and the right to education. The struggle for women’s equality began in early 19th century. In the 1830’s, while maintaining their role as wives and mothers, women’s movement in America sought to broaden their knowledge through a formal college education. However, the cult of motherhood and limited social and political rights during that time restricted this education to home application. For instance, the American educators who pushed for women’s education justified their efforts on the benefits of education in the domestic sphere, in marriage, and motherhood. Consequently, colleges offered a limited range of courses that are mostly relevant to women’s role as homemakers and mothers. The fight for their right to education was further made difficult and prolonged by the fear that educated women would abandon their traditional domestic duties and intrude upon the male sphere. In fact, the male-dominated popular press of the early 20th century even publicized the notion that women are destined parlor, nursery, and kitchen workers and mentally and physiologically incapable of education. Moreover, although firmly promoting equality for women, the movement itself during that time had no strong position on the role of educated women in western society and in fact spreading the doctrine of separate spheres. Women had achieved the right to vote in the 1920 but made little progress in their struggle for employment and education. Women remained largely excluded in the educational system until they started to pursue higher education and earned more bachelors degree than men in the 1980s. Achieving Gender Equality Through Education Education for women is one of UNESCO’s gender equality priorities. Consequently, most educational systems around the world offer women education and empowerment. Women’s continuing effort to improved their knowledge and skills not only resulted in the creation of more institutions for women’s learning but recognition of the fact that women’s education is as necessary and beneficial as that of men. The study shows that that are more women in formal education now than in the past. The reason is that formal schooling not only enhanced their opportunity for employment but also improved their conditions in life. In developing countries, for instance, educational helped women meet their practical gender needs, benefit from salaried employment and healthier households. However, due to cultural attitudes, women in some developing nations appear restrained and need to put more effort in their quest equality, knowledge, and skills. Although the majority of developing nations, provide women greater access to formal education, they are restrained by cultural attitudes pertaining to female education. In fact, study shows that education for females in some African countries lagged behind that of males. Some of the barriers found include sexual abuse and harassment, particularly in mixed gender schools. Education had already improved the lives of millions of women around the world. They have greater access to higher education offered by public and private universities. Women are increasingly benefitting from online courses offered by Open University and Continuing Education Programs. They are now empowered, independent, have greater participation in government, and better employment opportunities.

Some of the ways in which Wilfred Owen presents the Natural world in his poems Essays

Some of the ways in which Wilfred Owen presents the Natural world in his poems Essays Some of the ways in which Wilfred Owen presents the Natural world in his poems Paper Some of the ways in which Wilfred Owen presents the Natural world in his poems Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Owen’s presentation of nature is ambiguous. Through his poems he acknowledges the beauty and purity of nature on one hand, while on the other it is presented as cruel and subversive when associated with war. These two very different sides of nature are best portrayed in Exposure in 1917, Futility and Spring Offensive in 1918. To begin, Owen describes the natural world as beautiful, restorative and protective. His references to beauty of nature and the recurring theme of the sun clearly shows how Owen is somewhat in awe of nature. In the 3 first stanzas of Spring Offensive, Owen describes nature with such charm that the soldiers waiting to go into action are â€Å"marveling† at the grass, at nature’s purity. They can hardly believe such beauty exists amongst pain and suffering. The ‘May breeze’ calms them as they feel the pleasing ‘â€Å"summer oozed into their veins like an injected drug†. In this imagery we feel that this beauty is like a drug to them, they are under such pressure that they require anesthetic. â€Å"oozed† implies that they are grateful for a moment to remember happier times. Nature is thought to have restorative power. An example of this is apparent in ‘Futility’. The poem is about a soldier (the speaker) who cannot believe that his comrade has died of the bitterly cold. In the very first line he says: â€Å"Move him into the sun†. The sun is considered at the source of all life, so the poet asks for the resurrection of the soldier. Having seen the sun â€Å"wake the seeds† once, he asks himself why it prohibits itself from doing so again. A different interpretation would be that god is actually the sun itself, because as the bible says it is he who is at the very origin of life. Nature also appears as a protective figure. In ‘Spring offensive’ it creates ‘shade’ as a barrier from the horror, made to provide respite. The pastoral imagery of the ‘little brambles’ clinging on to the men ‘like sorrowing arms’ suggest that nature is a sorrowing force, it is transforming into a maternal figure. We find the same shielding figure in the sun, in Futility. Using the personification: â€Å"The kind old sun†, Owen presents the sun as a caring paternal figure, â€Å"old† evokes its wiseness. This again can be interpreted as a personification of god. The war has the ability to transform the natural world. The clearest example of this would be the very title of â€Å"Spring Offensive†, using this oxymoron Owen contrasts the new life in the world at spring, the season of love, with the imminent death that will automatically arise from the offensive. This â€Å"natural world† is wasted. And seeing all this horror perhaps it has decided to revolt against the men who are participating to the massacre. Therefore not helping them through it, which makes nature cruel and cowardly because they have not decided such a fate for themselves. Spring Offensive follows the revolt of nature as it goes from a benevolent and somewhat sheltering force to a more aggressive force that burns with fury against them. Nature is so disgusted at the unnaturalness of the soldiers action that it initially seeks to stop them- everything from the sky and its cold gust thrill to the smallest buttercup that once blessed with gold now is set sudden cups in thousands for their blood. This all encompassing metaphor of nature possibly representing god creates an intense atmosphere. The syntax of the poem also reflects motif and nature, the regular rhyme scheme together with the use of perfect rhyme gives it an almost liquid flow. Nature also appears to be insurgent in Futility. At the end of the poem as the sun refuses to use its power help the man, the speaker realizes how useless, pointless and hopeless the sun is and how it does not have enough will to wake his friend. The sun has been worshiped by countless communities and generations, yet it is letting the men down. The sun is qualified as a â€Å"cold star†, it has all these powers but is not being generous and giving warmth. â€Å"Are limbs, so dear attached, are sides full-nerved, still warm, too hard to stir?† In this quote the narrator is looking at the body and decides that it is easy for the sun (which may be god) to save this man but yet it doesn’t do it which drives the author to loose faith in god and humanity itself. Cold star could be dead body itself, clay would be his body Cold star could be earth at the begining, the earth full of life clay= earth walls of trenches? This revolt brings out nature’s cruelity, this side of nature is very well portrayed in Exposure. This poem is about exposed men away from battle slowly freezing to death. In Exposure, the weather and nature are personified as assassins. Despite portraying the conditions of war as vicious, Owens language is quite soft on the ear, being abundant with sibilance and repeated f sounds (e.g. flowing flakes that flock). The use of delicate sounding words could be to show how the weather can be a silent or covert assassin. The first image we are given is of the ‘merciless iced wind that knive us’. ‘Merciless’ suggests that the wind is vindictive and without compassion, whilst ‘knive’ is a violent action, implying that the attacker is inflicting pain. From the outset, the ‘personality’ of the weather is established as an enemy. In stanza three, Owen writes of â€Å"Dawn massing in the east her melancholy army†. By personifying ‘dawn’ or nature as a woman, Owen is pointing out that mother nature has turned against them, the maternal, compassionate image of a woman has been subverted. In this poem, Owen is definitely using subversion to show how war defies expectations. The stillness of slowly freezing to death becomes a counterpoint to the progressive verbs in the poem: â€Å"watching,† â€Å"twitching,† â€Å"massing,† â€Å"shivering,† â€Å"wandering,† â€Å"fingering,† â€Å"shrivelling,† â€Å"puckering,† and, finally, â€Å"dying.† As in other Owen poems such as â€Å"Greater Love† and â€Å"Arms and the Boy,† the occasional attractive word such as â€Å"nonchalance† is used ironically to depict the carelessness of the wind as it tosses snowflakes around and â€Å"knives† the soldiers. Unlike English poets Sir Philip Sidney or Percy Bysshe Shelley, Owen does not see poets as teachers or â€Å"unacknowledged legislators.† He says, â€Å"all a poet can do today is warn; that is why the true Poets must be truthful.† Owen strives for the aching cold of truthfulness in â€Å"Exposure† as the poem exposes the reader to the cold indifference of nature and nature’s God. Conclusion: â€Å"Be bullied, be outraged, be killed, but do not kill.† This quote once written by Wilfred Owen could relate to the way he despises nature’s attitude. To my opinion the poet loves nature greatly, he believes it is beautiful and pure. Yet the war has highly disgusted nature who subsequently decides to rebel against it using violence and cruelty resulting in the dehumanization of the soldiers.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

History - Essay Example Secular Humanism however presents a way of living for the human beings and suggests that following religion does not specifies if a man is good or not, a man can lead a good life by doing good to the people and the environment around him and bringing peace and harmony to everyone in the society. This is the only way he can lead a happy and successful life. Secular Humanism stresses on the logical reasoning of things before accepting them and the concept of accepting things on the basis of religious beliefs is totally rejected. According to the ideology presented by Secular Humanism, humans should utilize their power to think and reason before accepting or rejecting any idea and their decisions should be based on logical reasoning and not on the illogical and inherited religious beliefs. Secular Humanism persuades human mind to indulge in learning and logical reasoning the ability of logical reasoning is developed by learning the arts. Secular Humanism is neither a religion nor follow s the dictionary meaning of the word secular because it upholds the concept of human dignity and stresses the followers to practice moral and ethical values in their lives. According to the secular humanism ideology, the aim of life of a human is to achieve high levels in moral and ethical conduct and serve the mankind. The humans are supposed to develop themselves and achieve new heights because the process of evolution is still in progress. According to secular humanism, the human life ends with death and there is no life after death and humans are not answerable to anyone. Therefore it is antagonistic to religious beliefs because the concept of God and life after death is absent however it can still be classified as a religion if religion is defined as a set of beliefs and a way of life. The world today has about 40-50 million followers of this ideology. (428 words) Printing Press and Religion With the invention of the printing press in the 15th century remarkable changers were o bserved in literature, learning and religion. The idea of printing press and moveable type was first perceived by Gutenberg and he put together paper, winepress and oil based ink, three different technological developments of that time. The arrangement he formulated could be used for printing books and in this way the first printing press was invented. The invention of printing press brought a revolution in reading and writing and this also included the religious reading because prior to this invention, the books and written literature was not accessible to everyone and was also very expensive. The objective of the development and invention of the printing press was to lower down the prices of the books and to produce them in large numbers so that more and more people could learn from books and the Bible. More and more books were made available to the common people and learning and the transfer of knowledge became very frequent. The printing press initiated the information revolutio n because printing allowed the quick transfer of a large amount of knowledge with ease. The effect of printing was very evident in the population because people started reading and learning new skills and techniques which helped them develop themselves into useful individuals of the society. Moreover with the invention of printing press more educational institutions and libraries were opened and revolutionary

Womens Representation in the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Womens Representation in the Media - Essay Example Moreover, these same images have been portrayed within the media since the dawn of the television age as is traced through the work of Barry Gunter.   Throughout television history, programs have been created with an eye toward attracting and defining the female in ways that focused upon the observational qualities she possessed – her body shape, her pleasing facial appearance and her glamorous clothing and accessories. Even in shows such as The Honeymooners, which offered a questioning of the ‘powerless’ role of the female, attention was given to ensure the female body remained a pleasing conformation. The emphasis on the concept that even lower middle class women were expected to conform to external ideals has only continued to build in the film industries and as television has expanded programming.   These widely apparent examples of how women portrayed in the media represent an impossible ideal to which ‘normal’ girls are constantly compared h as also been proven to have the potential for long-term social, psychological and physical problems.Chasing the DreamToday there are numerous pop culture stars such as Paris Hilton who seem to believe that being an object talked about is better than contributing something significant to the welfare of society.   This attitude of image trumps substance is transferred to many of their fans and by extension many other young girls. Empty-headed material-culture superstars have achieved their fame based solely on their beautiful bodies and extreme spending habits.’

Development in Oil and Gas Retail industries Essay

Development in Oil and Gas Retail industries - Essay Example The standard for spot prices for crude oil is considered as Brent crude oil. The prices of crude oil in the Brent crude oil index have been varying from $100 to $115 since 2012. In this period the supply of the liquid fuel has increased in the countries of North America especially the USA and Canada. However there has been an equivalent drop in the production and sell of crude oil from countries of the North Africa and some countries in the Middle East. While increase in supply from USA and Canada have brought into the market an additional 4 million barrels per day of crude oil since 2008, supply disruption and outages in North Africa and Middle East have largely offset this effect and prevented the prices from falling down. It is estimated that unplanned oil production outages have caused an average of 2.7 million barrels per day over the past two years and another fact is that the outages have increased from 1.8 million barrels per day in 2012 to about 3.5 million barrels per day i n May 2014. The main outages have been caused by OPEC countries such as Libya and Iran and non-OPEC countries such as South Sudan and Syria. The most problematic factor and the riskiness of the matter is that it is very difficult to predict when the supplies will return to normal levels given the geopolitical tabulations that are going on in these countries. The demand for oil has remained on the lower side in the recent years and this has contributed to the oil prices remaining stable for a large part of the recent years. The demand growth from countries outside the OECD has slowed down due to the fact that economic growth in the countries such as China, India, and Brazil has decreased in the recent years. The slower growth in the economies of these countries has correspondingly seen a decrease in the demand of the liquid in comparison to the past two decades. The consumption of liquid had reached a peak of 50

Urban Planning Essay Example for Free

Urban Planning Essay In his book Urban Geography, Michael Pacione, discusses the â€Å"Future City-Cities of the Future†. In his analysis there are several principles that must be included in the future city in order for it to strive and be successful, â€Å"by 2025 65 percent of the world’s population will be in urban areas† (Pacione 2005) The need for the city of the next 100 years to be sustainable in all aspects is paramount for its success and its citizens to live in peace and harmony. The factors that will play a large part in deciding the fate of our future cities are addressing population growth, the economics of cities, or making cities economically competitive, the effective managing and creation of various modes of transportation and mobility and managing the largest pollutant most inefficient parts of of our cities: buildings. All while maintaining high ecological and environmental standards including proper reduction and disposal of waste . The city of the next 100 years must be successful in managing the impacts of all of these stated areas. I will highlight current cities that are struggling with some of these areas and what must be done for the future to prepare for the next century. I. Population There is wave of urban migration and population explosion particularly in 3rd-world nations. The projection of future growth in Lagos, Nigeria from the current city to the future city is projected to put Lagos as the 3rd largest city in 2015 behind Tokyo and Bombay. (Lagos State Government 2011) To stem and manage such growth city planners and local authorities must be diligent. Below is a picture of the daily traffic in the main city center, this is an example of the current situation when unfettered growth and poor or lack of planning are present. While this may be an extreme example two of the projected largest cities by 2015 are both located in developing nations-Lagos being one of them and Bombay in India the other. The basic needs of the population must be met for these cities to become prosperous for its own success and for its inhabitants. With such large masses of population of people located in nations that currently have challenges handling the basic needs of its people the challenge will be to grow while still addressing these concerns. The solution to this problem of massive population growth and how to sustainability-as a city develop and grow can be found from William Rees from the University of British Columbia. He and his team have developed an ecological footprint analysis which can be used to gauge and measure whether the current natural environment can sustain the growing population. In short, breaking down the consumption of what people use into five categories: food, housing, transportation, consumer goods and services. In addition, there are also land-use categories: fossil energy land, consumed land, food land and forest land. While I will not recite the entire analysis, what is important that can be extracted from this is the characteristics of sustainable future cities, as it relates to population growth. Preserving natural capital, minimizing the ecological footprint (this can include mixed-use development, 3-4 story apartment buildings along commercial streets). (Walker, Lyle and Rees, William 1997) II. Buildings Building and how we are currently operating them in the United States alone account for 40 percent of all energy consumption. The city of New York alone emits more greenhouse- gases, more automobile exhaust and more trash per square foot, than any other U.S. city. (Fettig 2006) In the future city of the next 100 years energy consumption of buildings must drastically be reduced. While there are some new groundbreaking solutions such as The United States Green Building Council that have developed a system of measuring energy consumption of building and providing a rating as to the effectiveness and usefulness of its energy consumption and sustainability. While this may be a great start and possibly a platform or model for future development it is simply not enough. The high cost for seeking the highest standard for Existing Buildings –Platinum has pushed many building owners away from this concept. The sustainability of buildings is not only defined as installing solar panels on the roof or collecting rain water it must start with the design of our work places and homes. It’s changing how we live, how we work, architects must have knowledge not only of the aesthetic but knowledge and understanding of maintaining a high level of efficiency and sustainability. The buildings of the city can and must be an ecological master of sustainability. How we construct our buildings currently are: â€Å"the best possible product at the cheapest possible cost.† (Fettig 2006) An example of this is the construction of federal buildings across the U.S.- most of our federal buildings are large blocks of concrete with little or no efficiency or aesthetic value. The General Services Administration is the branch of government which is responsible for the construction, development and managing all federal buildings. They are the largest developer and manager of commercial space in the US. (Fettig 2006) Recently, efforts led by architect Thom Mane of Los Angeles, he was tasked with developing the San Francisco federal building located at 7th Street and Mission Ave. The building is constructed with no central air conditioning, the building is naturally ventilated. The elevators strop on every 3rd floor with stairs for use between floors. There are no corner offices/edge offices. In addition, there is mostly all natural light only. Below is rendering of the building. While the building may not be the standard from a perspective of beauty or function it mixes both the architectural form and user function and efficiency that his necessary for buildings for the future city of the next 100 years. III. Economic Competitiveness of the City. â€Å"Environmental quality is often cited as a goal that stands in opposition to economic activity. (Skinner 1997) The thinking that sustainability and environmental awareness stifles economic growth is a great myth in this county. The two can go hand in hand, and must do so for cities to grow its local businesses, create jobs for its residents, while also maintaining a high quality of life for the residents of the city. The Porter Model highlights four areas that a businesses must maintain in a city for it to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Having a strategic location, local market demand, and integration with regional clusters and utilizing human resources. (Porter 1990) For the next-century city the local businesses must play an important factor in creating jobs within the inner city that will attract residents and help create a better quality of life. Skinner maintains that â€Å"local governments have large-broad powers to regulate businesses and they various types that are allowed to operate, therefore allowing more sustainable and environmentally-friendly industries into the city.† Various particular local examples of this in the region of S. Florida is in the city of Boca Raton. The city has created a local city organized group called Boca Raton Green Partners. The makeup of the group that meets monthly are local businesses committed to sustainable practices and reviews methods that city can take and policies they can recommend to foster a practice of sustainability for the residents and businesses. The state of Florida also has a rebate program for residents to install solar panels on their homes and businesses. Residents can be reimbursed up to 20, 000 for homes and up to 100, 000 for businesses against the cost of installation. This in effect also created hundreds of local jobs for contractors and businesses this may be somewhat viewed as a public/private partnership. Environmental quality and economic vitality can be viewed as a singular entity that can fully support each other for the city to usher into the next 100 years and truly be a future city. IV. Transportation The above picture speaks volumes about the traffic problems most current cities face everyday. Smog, congestion, traffic noise, are just a few of the health consequences of our reliance of cars and the use of fossil fuels. When looking at transportation and the city it is not a one size fits all solution. There must be many options for residents and creating â€Å"accessibility rather than mobility.† (Fettig 2006) Some of the problems current cities face is large investments in highways and roads. For many years local and regional official’s solution for solving the traffic problem was building more roads. Within the city the use the public transportation is the most effective and environmentally-conscious way of mobility. While this is nothing new to many readers what may surprise is that in some cities like Paris, France the local government is taking an active role in reducing the number of cars on roads. There has been a push for residents to use more public bikes, roads have been removed and trains or trams created in their places. These simple steps have allowed public transportation to move 3-4 more times the people on the same road previously used by cars. (Fettig 2006) The goal of the city is to reduce pollutants by 40 percent by the year 2020. By building a city non-reliant on the car for mobility not only will you generate less pollutants in the atmosphere but also a higher quality of life for residents. In conclusion, the future city of the next 100 years has many challenges it faces. But these challenges can also be viewed as opportunities for innovation and change that can bring forth lasting economic and environmental benefits. By addressing these four main points: population growth, building efficiency, economic competitiveness of cities and transportation and mobility the city can be primed for the next 100 years. Works Cited E2. Directed by Tad Fettig. Produced by Elizabeth Westrate. 2006. Lagos State Government. November 30, 2011. http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/index.php?page=subpagespid=12mnu=null (accessed November 2011). Pacione, Michael. Urban Geography, Ch. 30 The Future of the City-Cities of the Future. Routledge, 2005. Porter, Michael. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Chap. 3, 69-130. McMillian, 1990. Skinner, Nancy. Economic Development as a Path to Sustainability. In Eco City Dimensions, 66-79. New Society Publishers, 1997. Walker, Lyle and Rees, William. Urban Density and Ecological Footprints. In Eco City Dimensions, 96-112. New Society Publishers, 1997.